Coherence Principle 1: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Audio - Based on research, the presence of background music and sounds may interfere with the learner's working memory, possibly causing an overload. Although sound is often used to aid in helping learners focus and remain attentive, there has been no proof of its effectiveness in learning. On the contrary, research points to the ineffectiveness of extraneous music, as it often distracts learners from the content.
Coherence Principle 2: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Graphics - Images that are used to decorate a multimedia presentation but do not promote learning, may be distracting and disruptive to learning. Pictures, illustrations, and video clips that do not build a learner's knowledge base may be successful in arousing the learner but may not help the learner make sense of the material that has been presented.
Coherence Principle 3: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Words - E-learning designers should avoid extraneous words that have been: added to increase interest, intended to elaborate on what has been presented, and provide deeper explanation of the technical. Extraneous words do not help learners reach instructional goals.
Principles That Do Not Promote Learning
Coherence Principle 1: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Audio - Based on research, the presence of background music and sounds may interfere with the learner's working memory, possibly causing an overload. Although sound is often used to aid in helping learners focus and remain attentive, there has been no proof of its effectiveness in learning. On the contrary, research points to the ineffectiveness of extraneous music, as it often distracts learners from the content.
Coherence Principle 2: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Graphics - Images that are used to decorate a multimedia presentation but do not promote learning, may be distracting and disruptive to learning. Pictures, illustrations, and video clips that do not build a learner's knowledge base may be successful in arousing the learner but may not help the learner make sense of the material that has been presented.
Coherence Principle 3: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Words - E-learning designers should avoid extraneous words that have been: added to increase interest, intended to elaborate on what has been presented, and provide deeper explanation of the technical. Extraneous words do not help learners reach instructional goals.